The Holy Father, Pope Francis, passed away on Easter Monday, April 21, 2025, at the age of 88.
Cardinal Kevin Farrell announced his death from the Casa Santa Marta, where he resided in the Vatican.
The world mourned the loss of the first Jesuit Pope, who led the Catholic Church for 12 years.
Having made his final public appearance on Easter Sunday, his death came as a shock to the global Catholic community.
Key Takeaways
- The Holy Father died at 88 on Easter Monday.
- Cardinal Kevin Farrell announced his passing.
- He led the Catholic Church for 12 years.
- His final public appearance was on Easter Sunday.
- The world mourns the loss of a significant religious leader.
Breaking News: Pope Francis Passes Away on Easter Monday
The world woke up to shocking news on Easter Monday as Pope Francis passed away. The news sent shockwaves across the globe, with reactions pouring in from world leaders, religious figures, and ordinary people.
Announcement of Death and Initial Reactions
At 9:45 AM, Cardinal Kevin Farrell, Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, announced the death of Pope Francis from the Casa Santa Marta. He stated, “Dearest brothers and sisters, with deep sorrow I must announce the death of our Holy Father Francis. At 7:35 this morning, the Bishop of Rome, Francis, returned to the house of the Father.”
The announcement highlighted Pope Francis‘s dedication to the Church and his emphasis on Gospel values, particularly his focus on serving the poor and marginalized. News of the death pope francis quickly spread across the world, with the New York Times and other major media outlets breaking the story within minutes.
Thousands of faithful immediately began gathering in St. Peter’s Square upon hearing the news, creating an impromptu vigil of prayer and remembrance. World leaders offered tributes and condolences, recognizing Pope Francis‘s impact on both the Catholic Church and the broader world.
| Event | Time | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Announcement of Death | 9:45 AM | Cardinal Kevin Farrell announced Pope Francis‘s death. |
| Death | 7:35 AM | Pope Francis passed away at Casa Santa Marta. |
| Vigil | Following Announcement | Thousands gathered in St. Peter’s Square for a vigil. |
The Vatican announced that Pope Francis‘s body would be transferred to St. Peter’s Basilica for public veneration, allowing the faithful to pay their final respects to the Holy Father Francis. As news of his death spread, the world mourned the loss of a spiritual leader who had dedicated his life to the service of others.
Early Life of Jorge Mario Bergoglio
The birth of Jorge Mario Bergoglio on December 17, 1936, in Flores, Buenos Aires, marked the beginning of a life dedicated to faith. As the eldest of five children to Mario José Bergoglio and Regina MarÃa SÃvori, Jorge’s early life was deeply influenced by his family’s strong values and Italian heritage.
Birth and Family Background
Jorge Mario Bergoglio was born into a family of Italian immigrants. His father, Mario José Bergoglio, was an accountant who emigrated from Italy in 1929 to escape the fascist regime of Benito Mussolini. His mother, Regina MarÃa SÃvori, was a housewife born in Buenos Aires to a family of northern Italian origin. The family’s decision to leave Italy was not driven by economic reasons, as noted by MarÃa Elena Bergoglio, the Pope’s only living sibling.
The Bergoglio family consisted of five children, with Jorge being the eldest. His siblings were Oscar Adrián, Marta Regina, Alberto Horacio, and MarÃa Elena. Growing up in a household that valued faith, hard work, and education, Jorge was instilled with a strong moral foundation from an early age.
| Family Member | Relation to Jorge | Occupation/Background |
|---|---|---|
| Mario José Bergoglio | Father | Accountant, Italian immigrant |
| Regina MarÃa SÃvori | Mother | Housewife, born in Buenos Aires to Italian parents |
| Oscar Adrián Bergoglio | Sibling | Brother |
| Marta Regina Bergoglio | Sibling | Sister |
| Alberto Horacio Bergoglio | Sibling | Brother |
| MarÃa Elena Bergoglio | Sibling | Sister, only living sibling of Pope Francis |
Childhood in Buenos Aires
Young Jorge grew up in the vibrant city of Buenos Aires during the 1940s, a period that exposed him to the rich cultural heritage of Argentina as well as the economic challenges faced by many in his community. His childhood was marked by a strong connection to his faith and a close-knit family environment.
As he navigated his formative years, Jorge was influenced by the Salesian priests at the local parish, who not only provided spiritual guidance but also instilled in him a love for education and community service.
“The family is the first and essential cell of society, and it is here that the values that will shape the future of the individual are formed.”
Education and Early Career
After completing his primary education at a Salesian school, Bergoglio attended Escuela Técnica Industrial Nº27 Hipólito Yrigoyen, where he graduated with a diploma as a chemical technician. Before pursuing his religious vocation, Jorge worked several jobs, including as a chemical technician at Hickethier-Bachmann Laboratory, and briefly as a bouncer and janitor. These experiences gave him valuable insights into the lives of ordinary working people.
His early career was a mix of professional development and personal exploration, ultimately leading him to discern his calling to the priesthood.
Spiritual Journey and Vocation
Bergoglio’s journey to becoming Pope Francis began with a profound spiritual awakening triggered by a health scare. At the age of 21, Jorge Bergoglio faced a life-threatening health crisis when he developed severe pneumonia and three cysts, requiring surgery to remove part of one lung.
A Life-Changing Health Crisis
This brush with mortality became a pivotal moment in his spiritual journey, deepening his faith and helping to clarify his vocation. The experience had a lasting impact on Bergoglio, influencing his path towards the priesthood.
On his way to celebrate Spring Days, a chance visit to a church for confession led to an encounter with a priest that profoundly inspired him to consider religious life. This moment was crucial in shaping his decision to pursue a life of service within the Church.
Embracing the Jesuit Order
After studying at the Inmaculada Concepción Seminary in Buenos Aires for three years, Bergoglio entered the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) as a novice on March 11, 1958. His decision to join the Jesuits marked the beginning of a period of rigorous spiritual and academic formation.
As a Jesuit novice, Bergoglio studied the humanities in Santiago, Chile, before returning to Argentina to continue his philosophical and theological education. This period of formation was critical in shaping his spiritual identity and preparing him for his future roles within the Church.
Formation and Education
Bergoglio’s Jesuit formation was characterized by a deepening commitment to his faith and a broadening of his intellectual horizons. His studies in Santiago, Chile, and later in Argentina, laid the foundation for his future ministry.
Like many young men discerning their vocation, Bergoglio experienced moments of doubt. He once admitted to having had a crush on a young woman that temporarily made him question his path to priesthood. However, his faith and resolve ultimately prevailed, guiding him towards his ordination.
Priesthood Years
Jorge Mario Bergoglio’s journey as a priest began with his ordination and continued through various roles that shaped his spiritual and pastoral approach. In 1967, Bergoglio commenced his theological studies at Facultades de FilosofÃa y TeologÃa de San Miguel, laying the groundwork for his future ministry.
Ordination and Early Ministry
On December 13, 1969, Bergoglio was ordained by Archbishop Ramón José Castellano, marking the beginning of his life as a priest. Following his ordination, he served as the master of novices for the Jesuit province and became a professor of theology. His early years as a priest were dedicated to education and formation, playing a crucial role in shaping the next generation of Jesuit priests.
Bergoglio’s commitment to his faith and his role within the Jesuit Order was further solidified when he completed his tertianship in Alcalá de Henares, Spain. On April 22, 1973, he took his final vows as a Jesuit, including the distinctive fourth vow of special obedience to the Pope regarding mission.
Leadership in the Jesuit Order
At the age of 36, Bergoglio was appointed Provincial Superior of the Society of Jesus in Argentina, a significant leadership position he held for six years (1973-1979). During his tenure, he navigated the Jesuits through the challenging period of Argentina’s “Dirty War,” working to protect people at risk while maintaining the mission of the Society.
His leadership during this tumultuous time in Argentina’s history showcased his ability to guide his community through adversity, prioritizing both the safety of the Jesuits and their mission to serve the people.
Teaching and Spiritual Direction
In addition to his leadership roles, Bergoglio was deeply involved in teaching and spiritual direction. He served as a professor of theology and rector of the Philosophical and Theological Faculty of San Miguel. His experience in education and spiritual guidance not only deepened his understanding of the faith but also equipped him with the skills necessary for his future roles within the Church.
After completing his term as Provincial Superior, Bergoglio spent time in Germany and Ireland, broadening his international perspective. This period of study and reflection contributed to his growth as a spiritual leader, ultimately preparing him for the responsibilities he would later assume as Pope Francis.
Rise Through Church Hierarchy
Jorge Mario Bergoglio’s ascension within the Catholic Church began with his appointment as Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires in 1992. This marked the beginning of his significant rise through the Church hierarchy.
Appointment as Auxiliary Bishop
Bergoglio was named Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires and titular Bishop of Auca on June 27, 1992. His episcopal consecration was performed by Cardinal Antonio Quarracino, the then Archbishop of Buenos Aires. Bergoglio chose “Miserando atque eligendo” (“by having mercy and by choosing”) as his episcopal motto, drawn from Saint Bede’s homily on Matthew’s calling, reflecting his understanding of his vocation.
“Because he saw him through the eyes of mercy and chose him” is a reflection of Bergoglio’s understanding of his vocation and his approach to his ministry.
Archbishop of Buenos Aires
On June 3, 1997, Bergoglio was appointed coadjutor Archbishop of Buenos Aires, positioning him to succeed Cardinal Quarracino upon his death on February 28, 1998. As Archbishop, Bergoglio became known for his simple lifestyle, using public transportation and living in a modest apartment. His leadership was characterized by humility and a commitment to serving the poor.
| Position | Year | Key Actions/Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires | 1992 | Consecrated as titular Bishop of Auca; chose episcopal motto “Miserando atque eligendo“ |
| Coadjutor Archbishop of Buenos Aires | 1997 | Appointed to succeed Cardinal Quarracino |
| Archbishop of Buenos Aires | 1998 | Known for simple lifestyle and commitment to the poor |
Elevation to Cardinal
On February 21, 2001, Pope John Paul II elevated Archbishop Bergoglio to the rank of Cardinal, assigning him the title of Cardinal Priest of San Roberto Bellarmino. This elevation made him eligible to participate in papal conclaves, marking a significant step in his rise through the Church hierarchy.
Bergoglio’s rise through the Church hierarchy was characterized by his humility, commitment to service, and his distinctive approach to his ministry, setting the stage for his future roles within the Catholic Church.
Ministry in Argentina
As Archbishop of Buenos Aires, Pope Francis’s ministry was marked by a strong commitment to serving the poor and marginalized. His tenure in Argentina significantly shaped his pastoral approach, emphasizing the needs of the most vulnerable populations.
Advocacy for the Poor
One of Pope Francis’s major initiatives as Archbishop was to increase the Church’s presence in the shantytowns, known as villas miserias, of Buenos Aires. Under his leadership, the number of priests assigned to work in these areas doubled, demonstrating his commitment to being close to the poorest and most marginalized people.
By personally visiting these slums, he earned the nickname “villero bishop” or “slum bishop,” showcasing his dedication to the cause. This direct engagement with the impoverished communities not only reflected his compassion but also brought attention to their plight.
Response to Argentina’s Economic Crisis
When Argentina faced a devastating economic crisis in 2001, Pope Francis emerged as a moral voice for the nation. He criticized the corrupt political and economic systems while advocating for the dignity of those suffering the most. His leadership during this period underscored the importance of ethical considerations in economic policies.
The Church, under his guidance, implemented practical fiscal reforms within the archdiocese. For instance, he sold the archdiocese’s bank shares and moved its accounts to regular international banks, ending the high-spending habits that had nearly led to bankruptcy.
Relationship with Political Leaders
Pope Francis’s relationship with political leaders was complex; he maintained dialogue with all sides while remaining independent and often critical of policies that harmed the poor. This stance was evident in his call for the Argentine Catholic Church to “put on garments of public penance for the sins committed during the years of the dictatorship” in the 1970s, during the Dirty War.
As Archbishop of Buenos Aires, he walked a fine line between engaging with political leaders and maintaining the Church’s moral authority. His approach was characterized by a commitment to the welfare of the most vulnerable, influencing his interactions with those in power.
The Conclave of 2013
On February 28, 2013, Pope Benedict XVI made history by becoming the first pope to resign in nearly 600 years, setting the stage for a significant papal conclave. This unexpected move shocked the world and led to a gathering of 115 cardinal electors in the Sistine Chapel to choose the next pope.
Pope Benedict XVI’s Resignation
The resignation of Pope Benedict XVI marked a pivotal moment in modern Catholic Church history. After serving for nearly eight years, he cited declining health as the reason for his decision. This move was unprecedented, as the last pope to resign was Gregory XII in 1415.
The conclave that followed was a complex process, with cardinals from around the world converging on Vatican City to participate in the election. The secrecy surrounding the conclave only added to the intrigue and anticipation.
Election as Pope
On March 13, 2013, after five ballots, white smoke rose from the Sistine Chapel chimney, signaling that a new pope had been elected. Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran appeared on the central balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica to announce “Habemus Papam” (“We have a Pope”), revealing that Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio had been chosen as the new pope. Bergoglio, who took the name Pope Francis, was not considered a frontrunner before the conclave, making his election a surprise to many.
The election of Pope Francis was historic not only because of his unexpected rise to the papacy but also because he was the first pope from the Americas and the Southern Hemisphere. His selection represented a significant shift in the global representation within the Vatican.
Selection of the Name “Francis”
The choice of the name “Francis” was seen as a significant indicator of Pope Francis‘s priorities. He chose the name in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi, known for his dedication to the poor, peace, and care for creation. This choice signaled Pope Francis‘s commitment to these values and his desire to lead the Church in a more humble and environmentally conscious direction.
| Key Event | Date | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI | February 28, 2013 | First papal resignation in nearly 600 years |
| Election of Pope Francis | March 13, 2013 | First Jesuit pope, first from the Americas and Southern Hemisphere |
| Selection of the Name “Francis” | March 13, 2013 | Signaled commitment to the poor, peace, and care for creation |
Pope Francis: A Papacy of Firsts
Pope Francis made history with his papacy, becoming the first pope from the Jesuit Order, the Americas, and the Southern Hemisphere. His election marked a significant shift in the Catholic Church’s global presence, bringing a fresh perspective to its leadership.
First Jesuit Pope
As the first Jesuit pope, Pope Francis brought the distinctive Jesuit charism of discernment, intellectual rigor, and missionary zeal to the papacy. The Jesuit Order, known for its emphasis on education and spiritual growth, has a long history of influencing Catholic thought and practice. Pope Francis’s background as a Jesuit has shaped his approach to various issues, from social justice to interfaith dialogue.
Key aspects of his Jesuit heritage include:
- Emphasis on discernment and spiritual growth
- Commitment to education and intellectual rigor
- Missionary zeal and outreach
First Pope from the Americas
Pope Francis’s election as the first pope from the Americas represented a significant shift for the Catholic Church, acknowledging the importance of Latin America, home to nearly 40% of the world’s Catholics. This change has brought attention to the concerns and issues affecting the region, such as poverty and social inequality.
The impact of having a pope from the Americas includes:
| Aspect | Impact |
|---|---|
| Regional Representation | Increased focus on Latin America’s needs and concerns |
| Global Influence | Enhanced global dialogue on issues like poverty and inequality |
| Cultural Diversity | Bringing diverse cultural perspectives to the papacy |
First Pope from the Southern Hemisphere
As the first pope from the Southern Hemisphere, Francis brought a fresh perspective to global issues, often highlighting the concerns of developing nations and challenging the “Northern-centric” view that had dominated Church leadership. This shift has encouraged a more inclusive and global approach to Catholic Church governance.
The novelty of Pope Francis’s background generated immense interest from both Catholics and non-Catholics around the world, creating opportunities for renewed dialogue about the Church’s role in modern society. His papacy has symbolized a Church looking beyond its European roots toward a more global, inclusive future in the 21st century.
Leadership Style and Personal Humility
With his election as Pope, Francis introduced a new paradigm of leadership within the Vatican, one that prioritized humility and accessibility. This approach was evident in various aspects of his papacy, from his living arrangements to his interactions with the faithful.
Simple Living and Rejection of Luxury
Pope Francis immediately established a different papal style by choosing to live in the Vatican’s Casa Santa Marta guesthouse rather than the traditional Apostolic Palace. This decision reflected his emphasis on simplicity and community living. His rejection of luxury extended to transportation, as he opted for modest vehicles instead of the customary Mercedes “Popemobile.” He continued to wear his simple iron cross and silver papal ring rather than gold, further underscoring his commitment to humility.
Accessibility to the Faithful
Francis’s accessibility to ordinary people became a hallmark of his papacy. His regular Wednesday audiences in St. Peter’s Square featured impromptu interactions, embraces of the sick, and personal attention to individuals that humanized the papal office. This approach helped to create a sense of connection between the Pope and the people, making the papacy more relatable and down-to-earth.
Communication Style and Public Image
His communication style was characterized by straightforward, often colloquial language that made complex theological concepts accessible to the average person. The Pope’s use of memorable phrases and metaphors—like urging priests to be “shepherds living with the smell of the sheep”—helped his messages resonate globally. Francis’s authentic humility and warmth created a public image that appealed beyond traditional Catholic circles, making him a respected moral voice even among non-believers and earning him recognition as TIME’s Person of the Year in 2013.
- Pope Francis’s leadership style was marked by simplicity and a rejection of luxury, reflecting his commitment to humility.
- His accessibility to the faithful, particularly during Wednesday audiences, humanized the papal office.
- The Pope’s communication style, characterized by straightforward language and memorable metaphors, made his messages widely relatable.
Overall, Pope Francis’s leadership style and personal humility have left a lasting impact on the Catholic Church and the world. His approach has shown that true leadership is not about power or luxury, but about serving others with compassion and humility.
Key Theological Positions
As the head of the Catholic Church, Pope Francis adopted key theological positions that underscored his dedication to the marginalized and the planet. His papacy was characterized by a consistent emphasis on social justice, care for the poor, and environmental stewardship, reflecting his commitment to a more inclusive and compassionate Church.
Views on Social Justice and Poverty
Pope Francis consistently emphasized that social justice and care for the poor are not optional aspects of Catholic faith but essential expressions of the Gospel. He famously stated his desire for “a Church that is poor and for the poor.” This stance was reflected in his critique of “unbridled capitalism” and “the economy of exclusion,” which challenge global economic systems that prioritize profit over human dignity.
- Advocated for economies that serve people rather than people serving economies.
- Criticized global economic systems that prioritize profit over human dignity.
- Emphasized the need for a more equitable distribution of wealth.
Approach to LGBTQ+ Issues
On LGBTQ+ issues, Pope Francis maintained traditional Church teaching on marriage while adopting a more pastoral approach. His 2013 statement, “If a person is gay and seeks God and has good will, who am I to judge?” marked a significant shift towards a more inclusive and compassionate stance.
In 2023, he approved blessings for same-sex couples, representing a notable development in the Church’s pastoral approach while maintaining doctrinal distinctions.
Stance on Environmental Protection
Environmental protection became a signature focus of Francis’s papacy, most notably in his 2015 encyclical “Laudato Si’,” which framed climate change as both a moral and scientific issue requiring urgent action. He integrated environmental concerns with social justice, developing the concept of “integral ecology” that recognizes the interconnection between care for the earth and care for the poor.
The concept of integral ecology highlights the need for a holistic approach to addressing environmental degradation and its impact on the most vulnerable populations.
Major Papal Documents and Initiatives
The papacy of Pope Francis has been marked by the release of several major documents that have had far-reaching impacts on the Catholic Church and beyond. These documents have addressed a wide range of issues, from environmental protection to family life and Church governance.
Laudato Si’ and Environmental Advocacy
In 2015, Pope Francis issued the encyclical Laudato Si’ (“Praise Be to You”), which focused primarily on environmental issues. This document called climate change “one of the principal challenges facing humanity” and linked ecological destruction to social injustice. Laudato Si’ received unprecedented attention from environmental organizations, world leaders, and scientists, establishing Francis as a leading global voice for environmental protection and sustainable development.
The impact of Laudato Si’ has been significant, inspiring a global movement for environmental stewardship. As Pope Francis noted, “The earth, our home, is beginning to look more and more like an immense pile of filth.” This call to action has resonated with people around the world, encouraging a renewed commitment to caring for our planet.
| Document | Year | Focus | Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Laudato Si’ | 2015 | Environmental Protection | Global movement for environmental stewardship |
| Amoris Laetitia | 2016 | Family Life | Pastoral approach to family and marriage |
| Synod on Synodality | 2021 | Church Governance | Increased participation of all baptized members |
Amoris Laetitia and Family Life
In 2016, Pope Francis released the apostolic exhortation Amoris Laetitia (“The Joy of Love”), which addressed family life in the modern world. The document emphasized the importance of pastoral accompaniment for those in “irregular” situations while maintaining the Church’s teaching on the indissolubility of marriage.
Amoris Laetitia sparked both praise and controversy for its approach to divorced and remarried Catholics. Some saw it as a compassionate application of doctrine, while others were concerned about doctrinal ambiguity. Nonetheless, the document has guided pastoral ministers in their care for families and individuals navigating complex situations.
Synod on Synodality
The Synod on Synodality, launched in October 2021, was described by Pope Francis as the culmination of his papacy and the most significant Church event since the Second Vatican Council. This multi-year, worldwide consultative process aimed to transform Church governance through greater inclusion of all baptized members.
The Synod represents Francis’s vision of a “listening Church” that walks together in mission. By engaging Catholics globally, the Synod on Synodality seeks to foster a more collaborative and participatory approach to Church decision-making, aligning with Pope Francis’s emphasis on the Church’s mission to serve people around the world.
“The Synod on Synodality is not just an event, but a journey that the Spirit is entrusting to us.” – Pope Francis
Through these major papal documents and initiatives, Pope Francis has continued to guide the Catholic Church on its mission. His efforts have not only shaped the Church’s stance on various issues but have also inspired people worldwide to work towards a more just and sustainable world.
International Diplomacy and Global Impact
Pope Francis has been a pivotal figure in international diplomacy, leveraging his moral authority to address global challenges. His efforts have been directed towards fostering greater understanding and cooperation among nations, often in the face of significant geopolitical tensions.
Diplomatic Achievements
One of the most notable diplomatic achievements of Pope Francis was his role in restoring full diplomatic relations between the United States and Cuba in 2014. This historic move marked a significant shift in the relations between the two countries after decades of hostility. The Pope’s diplomatic efforts also extended to China, where he negotiated a provisional agreement regarding the appointment of bishops, aiming to heal the division between the “official” Chinese Catholic Church and the “underground” church loyal to Rome.
| Year | Diplomatic Achievement | Countries Involved |
|---|---|---|
| 2014 | Restoration of diplomatic relations | United States, Cuba |
| 2018 | Provisional agreement on bishop appointments | China, Vatican |
Advocacy for Migrants and Refugees
Pope Francis has consistently advocated for migrants and refugees, highlighting the need for compassion and understanding towards those fleeing conflict, persecution, or poverty. He made his first papal trip outside Rome to the Mediterranean island of Lampedusa to pray for migrants who had drowned attempting to reach Europe, drawing attention to the plight of those risking their lives to escape dire circumstances.
The Pope has frequently used his Christmas and Easter “Urbi et Orbi” messages to highlight the plight of displaced people around the world, calling the protection of migrants a “duty of civilization.”
Interfaith Dialogue Efforts
Pope Francis has also been a strong proponent of interfaith dialogue, recognizing the importance of mutual understanding and respect among different religious traditions. He met with Grand Imam Ahmad Al-Tayyeb, resulting in the “Document on Human Fraternity,” a landmark declaration promoting peace and coexistence.
In 2022, Francis traveled to Canada to apologize in person for the Catholic Church’s role in the residential school system that contributed to the “cultural genocide” of Indigenous peoples, demonstrating his commitment to reconciliation and healing historical wounds.
Controversies and Challenges During His Papacy
The papacy of Pope Francis was marked by significant internal and external controversies. Despite his progressive stance on various issues, he faced numerous challenges that tested his leadership and the Catholic Church’s adaptability.
Divisions Within the Church
Pope Francis’s papacy was characterized by significant internal divisions within the Church. Some traditionalist cardinals and bishops publicly questioned his teachings and leadership style, creating tension. The publication of “Amoris Laetitia” led to four cardinals issuing formal “dubia” (doubts) about the document, highlighting the divide between Francis’s pastoral approach and those advocating for stricter doctrinal interpretations.
Francis made efforts to include women in the Church’s decision-making process by making them full members of dicasteries in the Roman Curia. However, this move, while progressive, also sparked debate among Catholics regarding the Church’s stance on women’s roles.
| Issue | Francis’s Approach | Criticism |
|---|---|---|
| Women’s Roles | Made women full members of dicasteries | Some saw it as insufficient; others as too radical |
| LGBTQ+ Issues | Advocated for a more sympathetic approach | Critics felt it was too lenient or not clear enough |
Response to Clerical Abuse Crisis
Francis faced significant criticism for his handling of the clerical sexual abuse crisis, particularly his initial defense of Chilean Bishop Juan Barros. However, he later apologized, met with victims, and implemented stronger accountability measures. In 2019, he convened an unprecedented summit on abuse prevention and issued “Vos estis lux mundi,” establishing new procedures for reporting abuse and holding bishops accountable.
“The Church must continue to work to create a safe environment for all, especially the vulnerable.”
Critics, including those writing for the New York Times, argued that these reforms did not go far enough. Nonetheless, Francis’s efforts marked a significant step towards addressing the crisis within the Church.
Criticism from Conservative Catholics
Conservative Catholics, particularly in the United States, criticized Francis for his positions on capitalism, immigration, and environmental issues. Some claimed he was introducing confusion about established Church teachings. The publication of his encyclical “Laudato Si'” on environmental care was seen as a significant move, though it too faced criticism from those who felt it overstepped traditional Church boundaries.
The existence of “two popes” – Francis and Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI – occasionally created tensions, especially when Benedict’s name appeared on a book defending priestly celibacy as Francis considered potential changes in the Amazon region.
Despite these challenges, Pope Francis remained committed to his vision for the Church, navigating complex internal and external pressures.
Health Struggles Throughout Life
Pope Francis’s life was marked by significant health challenges from a young age. His health issues began early and continued throughout his life, affecting his papacy in various ways.
Early Health Issues and Lung Surgery
At the age of 21, Jorge Mario Bergoglio, later known as Pope Francis, suffered from life-threatening pneumonia and had three cysts, which led to the surgical removal of part of one lung. This early health crisis had a lasting impact on his respiratory health.
The surgery, performed when Bergoglio was young, left him with compromised lung function for the rest of his life. Despite this, he continued to lead an active life, eventually becoming the Pope.
Health Challenges in Later Years
As Pope Francis aged, he continued to experience health challenges. The New York Times and other media outlets reported on his periodic struggles with breathing problems, especially during strenuous international trips.
Despite these health limitations, Pope Francis maintained a grueling schedule well into his 80s. However, he occasionally used a wheelchair due to knee problems that developed in his later years.
Final Illness
In February 2025, at the age of 88, Pope Francis was admitted to Rome’s Gemelli Hospital with bronchitis, which rapidly deteriorated into bilateral pneumonia. After 38 days of hospitalization and treatment, he returned to his residence at Casa Santa Marta to continue his recovery.
Unfortunately, his condition stabilized briefly before declining in the days leading up to Easter, resulting in his death in the early morning hours of Easter Monday.
| Year | Age | Health Issue |
|---|---|---|
| Early 20s | 21 | Life-threatening pneumonia and lung surgery |
| 2023 | 86 | Influenza and lung inflammation |
| 2025 | 88 | Bronchitis and bilateral pneumonia |
Funeral Arrangements and Succession
Pope Francis’s death on April 21, 2025, initiated a complex and reverent process that would culminate in his funeral and the subsequent conclave. The Vatican, guided by tradition and the late Pope’s own preferences as outlined in the updated Ordo Exsequiarum Romani Pontificis, began making arrangements for the funeral rites.
Lying in State at St. Peter’s Basilica
The body of Pope Francis was transferred to St. Peter’s Basilica on Wednesday, April 23, 2025, for the faithful to pay their respects. According to Matteo Bruni, the Director of the Holy See Press Office, this move was made to allow the faithful to pray before his mortal remains. The decision to transfer the body to St. Peter’s Basilica was in line with the revised protocols that Pope Francis himself had approved in April 2024.
Thousands of mourners from around the world were expected to file past his remains during the lying in state. This period of veneration was a significant moment for Catholics and others to reflect on the life and legacy of Pope Francis.
Funeral Liturgy and Burial
The funeral liturgy, scheduled for April 26, 2025, was presided over by the Dean of the College of Cardinals. The ceremony was attended by heads of state, religious leaders, and representatives from around the world, underscoring Pope Francis’s global impact. Following the funeral, Pope Francis was buried in the Vatican Grottoes beneath St. Peter’s Basilica, a location that reflected his preference for simplicity.
The funeral arrangements, guided by the updated Ordo Exsequiarum Romani Pontificis, introduced several new elements, including the immediate placement of the Pope’s body in a coffin, reflecting his desire for simplicity even in death.
The Coming Conclave
As the funeral proceedings concluded, preparations for the conclave to elect Pope Francis’s successor were already underway. The College of Cardinals began their formal meetings on April 24, 2025, marking the beginning of the process that would lead to the election of the next Pope.
The conclave, a centuries-old tradition, is a solemn and sacred process where Cardinals gather to elect the next leader of the Catholic Church. The outcome of this conclave will shape the future direction of the Church, building on the legacy of Pope Francis.
Legacy of Pope Francis
The legacy of Pope Francis is multifaceted, touching various aspects of Church life and global society. During his 12-year papacy, he implemented significant reforms and reoriented the Church’s focus towards broader social concerns.
One of the hallmark achievements of Pope Francis‘s tenure was his effort to make the Church more inclusive. He made women full members of dicasteries in the Roman Curia, a move that marked a significant step towards gender equality within the Vatican. Additionally, he adopted a more welcoming approach towards marginalized groups, including the LGBTQ community, advocating for a more sympathetic and understanding stance.
Pope Francis was also a vocal critic of unbridled capitalism and consumerism, emphasizing the need for environmental protection and action on climate change. His encyclical, Laudato Si’, highlighted the urgent need for sustainable practices and care for the planet. Furthermore, he was widely interpreted as denouncing the death penalty as intrinsically evil, aligning with his broader advocacy for human rights and dignity.
The Pope’s emphasis on synodality – a more collaborative and listening approach to Church governance – represents a significant structural legacy. This approach has the potential to change how the Church makes decisions for years to come, fostering a more participatory and inclusive environment.
As the first pope from the Global South, Pope Francis shifted the Church’s center of gravity away from Europe, elevating cardinals from Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This move ensured a more globally representative leadership for the future, reflecting the diversity of the world‘s Catholic population.
Despite facing opposition from traditionalist quarters, Pope Francis maintained remarkable popularity among ordinary Catholics and non-Catholics alike. His ability to restore much of the moral authority the Church had lost during earlier scandals is a testament to his leadership and vision. Historians will likely view Pope Francis as a transitional figure who began the process of adapting the ancient institution to the realities of the 21st century.
In conclusion, the legacy of Pope Francis will be remembered for its profound impact on the Catholic Church and the people around the world. His commitment to social justice, environmental protection, and inclusivity has left a lasting imprint on the Church’s identity and mission.
